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Background: The rapid spread of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) globally has created unprecedented health care and economic crisis. The ever-in-creasing death toll highlights an urgent need for the development of specific antiviral to combat Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Objective(s): In the present study, we aimed to identify potential SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease inhibitors from regularly used spices. Method(s): A structure-based virtual screening (VS) of our in-house databank of 1152 compounds was employed to identify small molecule inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro), which are important protease for virus replication. The databank was built of the compounds from ten spices and two medicinal plants. Result(s): The top three potential hits that resulted from VS were myricetin (1) available in Alium cepa and Mentha piperita;alpha-hydroxyhydrocaffeic acid (2) available in M. Piperita;and luteolin (3) available in M. Piperita, Curcuma longa, A. cepa, and Trigonella foenum-graecum, which showed fair binding affinity to PLpro of SARS-CoV-2 compared to known SARS-CoV PLpro in-hibitors. The predicted Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) properties of the selected hits showed that all are drug-like. The compounds bind to biologically critical regions of the target protein, indicating their potential to inhibit the functionality of this component. Conclusion(s): There are only a few reports available in the literature on the in-silico identification of PLpro inhibitors and most of them used homology modeling of protein. Here, we used the recently uploaded X-ray crystal structure of PLpro (PDB ID: 6WX4) with a well-defined active site. Our computational approach has resulted in the identification of effective inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2PL-pro. The reported edible spices may be useful against COVID-19 as a home remedy after an in--vitro study.Copyright © 2021 Bentham Science Publishers.
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An international health crisis has been caused by the widespread COVID-19 epidemic. COVID-19 patient diagnoses are made using deep learning, although this necessitates a massive radiography data collection in order to efficiently deliver an optimum result. This paper presents a novel Intelligent System with IoT sensors for covid 19 and "Bilinear Resnet 18 Deep Greedy Network,"which is effective with a limited amount of datasets. Despite peculiarities brought on by a small dataset, the suggested approach could successfully combat the anomalies of over fitting and under fitting. The suggested architecture ensures a successful conclusion when the trained model is correctly evaluated using the provided X-ray datasets of COVID-19 cases. The recommended model offers accuracy of 97%, which is superior to existing methodologies. Better precision, recall, and F1 score are provided;which are 98%, 96%, and 96.94% respectively, which is better than other existing methodology. © 2022 IEEE.
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Background: Alarming increase of hepatitis C infection among the general population has put a significant risk among health-care workers (HCWs). This study aims to find the prevalence of hepatitis C infection among HCWs and its importance for surveillance. Objective(s): The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of hepatitis C infection among HCWs in a tertiary care hospital. Material(s) and Method(s): A retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, RIMS, Imphal, among healthy volunteer HCWs in October 2020 regardless of their COVID-19 status where blood samples were collected and tested for anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Merilisa HCV). Result(s): A total of 378 nonconsecutive blood samples were obtained from volunteers aged between 21 and 65 years. The majority of samples were from Imphal West district with a female preponderance of 66.93%. Two positive cases were detected with a prevalence of 0.53% belonging to occupational Category II and III. Maximum prevalence was seen in the age group of 30-39 years, with both positive cases falling in this group. One case was newly detected, while the other was known as a case of hepatitis infection. Conclusion(s): Hepatitis C infection among HCWs is common. Infection control should be prioritized when dealing with patients directly or indirectly. Since no vaccine is available, HCWs require periodic screening. Thus, routine surveillance will help combat such infections among HCWs as a result of occupational exposure. Copyright © 2022 Journal of Medical Society Published by Wolters Kluwer-Medknow.
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Background: COVID-19 has become a major health emergency worldwide. The characteristics and outcome of COVID-19 in patients with CLD remain unclear. Aims: CLD represents a major disease burden globally. Given this high burden, how different underlying liver conditions influence the outcome in patients with COVID-19 needs to be meticulously evaluated. So, we conducted this study to see the outcome of the patient and to look for predictors of severity and mortality in patients with CLD with COVID-19 infection. Methods: This was a single-center, observational study conducted at a tertiary care center. We recruit 50 consecutive patients of COVID-19 with CLD. Matched comparison group patients with CLD without COVID-19 collected retrospectively from historical data with 1:2 ratio using stratified sampling. Results: Mean age of the study population was 51 ± 12 years with the majority were male. Most patients (21/50) were presented with predominantly respiratory symptoms of which fever was the most common symptom (85%). Jaundice (70%) was the most common GI symptom. Twenty patients had ACLF. All patients with ACLF were having severe COVID-19 infection and succumb to multi-organ failure. Mortality was double in a patient with CLD with COVID-19 infection than historical control. Diabetes was the only comorbidity which was associated with severe infection. Patients in the severely ill subgroup had higher mortality, high creatinine, and raised D-dimer but lower lymphocytes count. (P <0.05). Multivariate logistic regression for severity showed that only D-dimer reached significance. CURB-65 score on admission and Child Turcotte Pugh score on admission correlates with mortality (P <0.05). Serum D-dimer level and reduced lymphocyte counts were associated with mortality on multivariate analysis. Conclusion: The presence of CLD in covid-19 patients was associated with a poor outcome. Raised D-dimer on admission can predict severe infection. Child-Pugh and CRUB65 scores were highly associated with non-survival among these patients.
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Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory system trophic disease. Liver involvement is emerging from recent data. Studies describing liver function test (LFT) abnormalities are sparse from our population. Aims: We studied LFT abnormalities in different categories of COVID-19 and its significance in relation to primary outcomes of in-hospital mortality. Methods: It was a retrospective study from a single center of a metropolitan city. All consecutive patients with proven COVID19 by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction from 23rd March 2020 till 31stOctober 2020 were enrolled. Of 3280 case records profiled, 1474 cases were included in the study. Clinical characteristics, biochemical parameters and outcomes were recorded. Results: Deranged LFTs were present in 681/1474 (46%) patients. Hepatocellular type of injury was most common (93%). Patients with deranged LFTs had more probability of developing severe disease (P<0.001) and mortality (P<0.001). Higher mean age (P<0.001), male gender (P<0.001), diabetes mellitus (P<0.001), chronic kidney disease (P<0.02) cirrhosis (P<0.001), lower oxygen saturation (SpO2) levels at admission (P<0.001), higher serum creatinine (P value<0.001), D-dimer levels (P<0.001) and positive radiological findings on Chest X-ray (P<0.001) were associated with deranged LFTs. Acute liver injury was seen in 65 (4.33%) cases on admission and 57(3.5%) cases during hospital stay. On admission, raised serum bilirubin, aspartate and alanine transaminases, international normalized ratio and low serum albumin were found to be significant. However, on multivariate analysis for predicting mortality, age, serum creatinine, and PaO2/FiO2 ratio only were found to be significant (P<0.001). Conclusion: In COVID-19, LFT abnormalities are common and multifactorial. As severity of disease progresses, derangement in LFT’s increase. However, it is not associated with in- hospital mortality.
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread to almost every country on the globe and it is considered by World Health Organization as a pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 causes the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Many of country are reporting the symptomatic characteristics of their cases to give better observations into the various clinical presentations of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the symptomatic literature is limited in Bangladesh. The aim of the study is to analyze the symptomatic characteristics of patients having the SARS-CoV-2 positive by real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT -PCR) test. Here, the data of 146 patients who were positive for the SARS-CoV-2 virus and were residents of different districts of Mymensingh region were analyzed. Patients' demographics, symptoms, history of co-morbidities condition like DM, HTN, Hypothyroid etc, travel and contact were collected from MMC Daily Reported data from April 1, 2020 to April 30, 2020. Among the total 3184 patients' nasopharyngeal samples, we have got 146 (4.58%) positive for SARS-CoV-2. Of the 146 positive patients most of the patients were male 95(65%), the majority 80(54.8%) were the 21 to 40year age group. Most of the patients 61(41.78%) were residents of Mymensingh include Mymensingh Sadar, Valuka, Trishal and Ishhorganj. Among the patients 94(64.4%) were symptomatic and 52(35.6%) were asymptomatic. The symptomatic patients presented mostly were with fever 45(30.82%), cough 33(22.6%) and breathlessness 9(6.16%). The majority of patients 54(36.9%) had a history of contact with SARS-CoV-2 patients and 16(11%) had a travel history within 14 days of their rRT-PCR test positive. The only 3(2%) patients had history of comorbidities condition like DM, HTN, Hypothyroid etc. The number of SARS-CoV-2 cases is rapidly increasing in our country. The education of the population about the most common symptoms of the virus infection is needed mostly;therefore, individuals may able to recognize these symptoms. So, that people might get themselves tested.
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The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) resulted severe respiratory illness such as pneumonia and lung dysfunctions that was first identified at Wuhan, the capital of Hubeiin China during the end of December 2019. The etiological cause of COVID-19 has been confirmed as a novel coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which was similar with the zoonotic virus SARS-CoV (2002). Now a days for early diagnosis of COVID-19 the nucleic acid based test like RT PCR (real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) is most consistent and used all over the world. In this study among 11,280 cases 825(7.31%) were positive by molecular RT PCR method on June 2020 at Microbiology department of Mymensingh Medical College and the samples are collected from different areas of Northern part of Bangladesh. Among this positive cases 588(71%) N gene, 10 ORF1ab (2%) and 227(27%) both N and ORF gene showed significant curve which is specific for COVID-19 positive patients. Because N and ORF gene of this virus inhibit immune system of human body especially interferon. Out of SARS-CoV-2 positive cases maximum number of N gene were found in male patients and above 40 years old aged group. So, Molecular diagnosis of this pandemic virus especially by N and ORF gene might be helpful to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2 as well as early treatment for saving many lives.
Subject(s)
Coronavirus Infections , Coronavirus , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral , Adult , Aged , Bangladesh/epidemiology , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , China , Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nucleocapsid Proteins , Phosphoproteins , SARS-CoV-2 , Viral Regulatory and Accessory ProteinsABSTRACT
There is a new public health problem around the world with the emergence and spread of 2019 novel corona virus (2019-nCoV). The disease "coronavirus disease 2019" (COVID-19) was caused by SARS-CoV-2. As virus isolates are unavailable so the public laboratories are now facing a challenge for detecting the virus because there is growing evidence of the outbreak which is more widespread than initially thought. We aimed here to discuss about the current diagnostic methodology for detecting the SARS-CoV-2 in health laboratories. Here we use the Novel Corona virus (2019-nCoV) Nucleic Acid Diagnostic Kit (PCR-Fluorescence Probing) which is a real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) test. A total of 230 samples in the department of microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College from 1st, April 2020 were selected for this study. Among them 20(8.69%) were positive for SARS CoV-2 and remaining were negative. Among the positive samples 55% could amplify both the ORF 1ab and N genes. The single gene ORF 1ab or N was positive in 15% and 30% cases respectively. The Ct values (<38) of ORF 1ab gene indicated by FAM dye was 92.8% and N gene curve indicated by ROX dye was 100%. The presence of IC gene curve with Ct values (<38) indicated by CY5 dye among the positives were 70% and 100% in negatives. The Ct values (38-40) of IC (CY5) among the positives were 15%. The present study demonstrates the enormous response capacity of the study kit for detecting SARS-CoV-2 within the laboratories in Bangladesh.
Subject(s)
Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis , Coronavirus/genetics , Coronavirus/isolation & purification , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Bangladesh , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , COVID-19 Testing , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , RNA, Viral/analysis , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is highly pathogenic viral infection caused by SARS-CoV-2. Currently, COVID-19 has caused global health concern. WHO has declared COVID-19 as a pandemic disease on March 11, 2020 and characterized by fever, dry cough, fatigue, myalgia and chest pain with pneumonia in severe cases. The virus has spread to at least 213 countries and more than 9093827 confirmed cases and 471490 deaths have been recorded. In the beginning, the world public health authorities tried to eradicate the disease in China through quarantine but are now transitioning to prevention strategies worldwide to delay its spread. There are some newly developed and promising methods for detection of SARS-CoV-2, in order to facilitate the development of novel approaches for early diagnosis. Nucleic acid based tests currently offer the most sensitive and early detection and confirmation for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among them Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) is the most popular and the "gold standard" testing method for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. The present study was carried out to detect 2019-Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by rRT-PCR method at Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from 1st April, 2020 to 31st May, 2020. A total of 14356 samples were tested from four districts of Mymensingh division namely, Mymensingh, Jamalpur, Sherpur, Netrokona and some parts of Sunamganj for rRT-PCR. Among them 1086 (7.5%) patients were positive for SARS-CoV-2. Out of 1086 positive cases 716(65.9%) were male and 370(34.1%) were female with a Mean±SD age 34.1±12 years. Maximum positivity was found in Mymensingh district followed by Netrokona, Jamalpur, Sherpur and Sunamganj respectively. This is the first base line study for genetic detection of 2019-nCoV in Mymensingh division which may reflect the total scenario of Bangladesh situation. We hope this paper will help the researcher to increase the availability, accuracy, and speed of widespread COVID-19 testing throughout the world in this crisis moment.